In the contemporary world, the human sciences of psychology, sociology, and anthropology attempt to understand humanity to find out who we are. Human sciences incorporate a breadth of elements – the mind, social relationships, culture, and emotions. Ultimately, human sciences are empirically based on observation and research, whilst Qur’an is based upon divine revelation, yet in many instances, they engage mild similarities – the soul, free will, emotions, and individual development.
The Human Being in the Qur’an
In the Qur’an, Allah describes the human being as a specific creation. Allah states in the Qur’an,
“Indeed, We created man in best stature.” (Qur’an 95:4)
Hence, this verse makes it clear that humans were created with care and dignity. The Qur’an teaches that we are not just bodies but are spiritual beings. We have a body, a soul (nafs), and a spirit (ruh).
Humans are also described as having free will. Furthermore, we can choose between good and bad, and we are responsible for what we choose. The Qur’an provides accounts of people making good or bad choices, and encourages us to think, reflect, and be better.
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What is the Nafs (self/inner self)?
A concept that is described in the Qur’an well, is the nafs our inner self. It is important to understand the nafs because it can be a person’s catalyst for good or evil depending on how it guides that person. The Qur’an speaks about three main nafs:
Nafs al-Ammarah- the commanding self that pushes a person towards desires and sin.
Again, Nafs al-Lawwamah- the self that blames itself for doing something wrong, leading to self-reflection and repentance.
Nafs al-Mutma’innah- this is the self at peace, at peace with itself and Allah.
This notion of inner conflict and self-development is not foreign to psychology. Psychologists highlight the ego, conscience and self-awareness, which all fall under understanding and developing the inner self. The Qur’anic notion of purifying the nafs is not unlike what therapy or self-development aims to do.
Emotions and Relationships
The Qur’an acknowledges, understands, and recognizes that human beings are emotional beings. We experience feelings of love, fear, anger, hope, and sadness. These feelings are not something to be ashamed of – they are part of being human. It is how we deal with our emotions that is more significant. The Qur’an frequently stresses the importance of developing patience (sabr), being grateful (shukr), and relying on Allah (tawakkul) in times of troubling emotions.
Furthermore, the human sciences also study and understand emotions and the impact they have on behaviors. It is common for psychologists to teach ways to cope with stress, develop resilience, and create healthy relationships. Besides, engaging in family life, looking after neighbors, and taking an active part in community life is very important to Islam.
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Purpose and Meaning
The Qur’an tells us that human beings were not created in vain:
“Did you think that We created you without purpose …?” (Qur’an 23:115)
As human beings, we should worship Allah, live a good life, and contribute to the world around us. Modern psychology tells us that people who have the feeling of purpose in life are more satisfied and happier. People who are not able to live with meaning, like being a mother or a father, often feel lost or depressed. Thus, ta here seems to be universal consensus from Islam and the human sciences that meaning is a significant part of a good life.
Final Thoughts: A Shared Journey in Understanding
In short, human sciences view humanity through observation, research, and analysis. Whereas, the Qur’an looks at humanity through a spiritual and moral lens. Though not the same, both are trying to get to know the same truths—who we are and how we can be better. Therefore, by bringing insights from science to the wisdom of the Qur’an, we develop a fuller understanding of humanity—body, mind, and soul.
